One specific vitamin formula — AREDS2 — has real clinical evidence behind it for macular degeneration. Here's what it contains and who benefits.
The AREDS2 formula and why it works
Two major National Eye Institute trials established the AREDS2 formula as the best-studied supplement for age-related macular degeneration. It contains vitamin C (500 mg), vitamin E (400 IU), lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), zinc (80 mg or a lower 25 mg version), and copper (2 mg, included to prevent zinc-related copper deficiency). The 2026 version replaced the original's beta-carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin because beta-carotene raised lung-cancer risk in smokers. In people with intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye, AREDS2 lowers the risk of progression to advanced disease by about 25%. It does not prevent AMD or restore lost vision.
Who should take it — and what Medicare covers
AREDS2 is intended for people with intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye, identified by an eye doctor who sees significant drusen on a dilated exam. It is not recommended for people with no or only a few drusen, because their risk is too low to benefit. Always confirm with your ophthalmologist before starting, especially the high zinc dose. Over-the-counter AREDS2 supplements are not covered by Original Medicare or Medigap, though the diagnostic eye exams that determine whether you need them are covered under Part B. For help understanding your eye-care coverage, call 1-800-MEDIGAP (1-800-633-4427).