Glaucoma is often called the 'silent thief of sight' because it damages vision before you notice. Here's what seniors and caregivers should watch for.
Warning signs seniors and caregivers should know
The most common form, open-angle glaucoma, typically has no early symptoms — it gradually narrows peripheral (side) vision, which many seniors don't notice until significant, permanent damage has occurred. Subtle clues include bumping into objects, missing steps, or trouble seeing to the sides while central vision still seems fine. By contrast, acute angle-closure glaucoma comes on suddenly with severe eye pain, headache, nausea or vomiting, halos around lights, redness, and blurred vision — this is a medical emergency requiring immediate care to prevent blindness. Because the common type is silent, regular dilated eye exams are the only reliable way to catch it early.
Does Medicare cover glaucoma testing?
Yes. Original Medicare Part B covers an annual glaucoma screening for people at high risk — including those with diabetes, a family history of glaucoma, African Americans 50 and older, and Hispanic Americans 65 and older. You generally pay 20% of the Medicare-approved amount after your $283 Part B deductible in 2026. Medicare also covers medically necessary treatment, including eye-pressure-lowering drops, laser procedures, and surgery. A Medigap plan can help pay the 20% coinsurance Original Medicare leaves you. To understand how your coverage handles eye care, call 1-800-MEDIGAP (1-800-633-4427) for a free review.