Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older Americans. Knowing the symptoms and treatments helps you protect your sight.
Symptoms of macular degeneration in seniors
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) attacks the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. Early and intermediate AMD may cause few symptoms, but warning signs include straight lines appearing wavy or bent, a blurry or dim spot in the center of your vision, colors looking less vivid, and needing brighter light to read. Side (peripheral) vision usually stays intact, so AMD rarely causes total blindness — but it can make reading, driving, and recognizing faces difficult. A simple home tool called an Amsler grid helps detect changes; report any sudden distortion to your eye doctor promptly, as it can signal the wet type.
Treatment options in 2026
There's no cure, but treatment slows progression and preserves vision. For dry AMD, the AREDS2 vitamin formula (specific doses of vitamins C and E, lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, and copper) reduces the risk of progression to advanced disease by about 25% in people with intermediate AMD. For wet AMD, anti-VEGF injections into the eye can stabilize and sometimes improve vision; newer longer-acting drugs in 2026 reduce how often injections are needed. Healthy diet, not smoking, and UV protection also help. Always follow an ophthalmologist's guidance on supplements — AREDS2 isn't recommended for everyone.
What Medicare covers for macular degeneration
Original Medicare Part B covers medically necessary AMD care, including diagnostic imaging (OCT scans), eye exams to diagnose and monitor the disease, and anti-VEGF injections for wet AMD. You generally pay 20% of the Medicare-approved amount after the $283 Part B deductible in 2026, plus any cost for the drug. Over-the-counter AREDS2 vitamins are not covered. A Medigap plan can pay the 20% coinsurance, which adds up quickly with ongoing injections. To see how your coverage handles AMD treatment, call 1-800-MEDIGAP (1-800-633-4427) for a free benefits review.