Macular degeneration comes in two forms with very different speeds and treatments. Here's how to tell them apart.
How dry and wet AMD differ
Dry (atrophic) AMD accounts for roughly 80 to 90% of cases. It develops slowly as the macula thins with age and yellow deposits called drusen accumulate, gradually blurring central vision over years. Wet (neovascular) AMD is less common but far more aggressive: abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, which can distort and destroy central vision within days or weeks. Importantly, dry AMD can convert to wet AMD, so anyone with dry AMD should monitor for sudden changes — a hallmark being straight lines that suddenly appear wavy. Quick diagnosis is critical because wet AMD is treatable when caught early.
Treatment and Medicare coverage by type
Treatment differs sharply. For dry AMD, the AREDS2 vitamin formula can cut progression to advanced disease by about 25% in intermediate cases, but there's no drug to reverse it. For wet AMD, anti-VEGF injections can stop the leaking vessels and often preserve or restore some vision. Original Medicare Part B covers medically necessary diagnosis, monitoring, and anti-VEGF injections, with you paying 20% after the $283 deductible in 2026; AREDS2 vitamins are not covered. Because wet AMD often means ongoing injections, a Medigap plan that covers the 20% coinsurance can save thousands. Call 1-800-MEDIGAP (1-800-633-4427) for a free coverage review.